No. NPM ; 2014 125 00356
Subject : CALL
Topic : Implementation of learning English at the university
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE
1. Content = 3 max
1. Content = 3 max
Phonetics & Phonology
Phonetics is the
study of the physical properties of speech sounds.
Phonology is The study of the sound system - how
sounds relate to and interact with each other in a language.
SPEECH ORGANS
PHONETICS :
The scientific
study of speech sounds – their description, classification and transcription.
1. Articulatory phonetics: How speech sounds are articulated -- i.e. what
speech organs are involved, and what physical gestures or configurations are
required to produce the sounds in question.
2. Acoustic phonetics: The physical properties of the sound waves generated
by speech -- e.g. the frequency
of oscillation (how many cycles per second), amplitude (how loud), and duration
(for how long).
3. Auditory phonetics: How speech sounds are perceived by the hearer as
having certain auditory properties that differentiate them from each other,
such as the quality of the sound (is it [i] or [e]?), the pitch
(high or low), loudness, length, and so on.
PHONOLOGY :
The study of
the sound patterns in languages :
•
Phonemes (vowels and consonants)
•
Prosody (stress, rhythm and intonation)
PHONETIC CLASSIFICATION
Two broad distinctions:
(i)
Vowels: sounds which are made with a smooth, continuous, unobstructed
airflow through the oral cavity (e.g. [i:] as in see
or [u:]
as in too)
(ii)
Consonants: sounds which are made with some
obstruction to the airflow in the
oral cavity (e.g. [s] as in see or [t] as in too)
•
manner of articulation
•
Place
of articulation
•
Voicing
(voiced or voiceless)
Voiced
bilabial plosive : /b/
Voiceless
alveolar fricative : /s/
CONSONANTS
I. MANNER OF ARTICULATION
II. PLACE OF
ARTICULATION
Vowels:
1.
The height
to which the body of the tongue is raised, whether it is high, low, or in between (mid);
2.
How forward
the body of the tongue is, whether it is
front (advanced), central, or
back (retracted);
3.
Whether the
lips are rounded or unrounded (rounded, neutral/relax, spread).
English Vowel
Chart :
/i:/ long high
front unrounded monophthong
/e/ short mid
front unrounded monophthong
/L/
short low central unrounded monophthong
Phonetic transcription
The representation of speech with phonetic symbols :
each symbol represents one and only one sound .
IPA
(International Phonetic Alphabet) A universal inventory of phonetic
symbols. Representing the sounds in all human languages.
Activity 1: Complete the table below
ACTIVITY 2: Pronounce the following words to yourself
before answering these questions:
I.
Do
the highlighted letters in each
of the
following sets of words represent
the ‘same’ sound?
a) city, cotton,
species, cello.
b) gold, ginger,
gnaw, high
c) can, can't,
ancient, sofa.
d) bus,
news, vision, Asia.
e) sit, site,
machine, racial.
f) rough,
stuff, cough, through.
g) kick, charisma,
unique, cut.
h) may, lame,
fail, hey.
i) chef,
shell, mission, special.
II.
How
many sounds do the highlighted
letters represent in each of the following words?
tax, thing, schedule, school,
are, though, chrome.
ACTIVITY 3
I.
Transcribe the following words, using the
phonetic alphabet given above.
(1) rough, (2) debt, (3) psyche, (4) schedule, (5) judge, (6) yacht,
(7) march, (8) useful, (9) queen, (10) chalk
II.
Given below are some phonetic
transcriptions. Can you pronounce them
aloud, and identify the words that they represent?
1) [θri:] 2)
[tri:] 3) [rʌf] 4) [wɒtʃ] 5) [bɛst] 6)
[flʌɪ]
7) [tʃʌɪnə] 8) [ʃi:p] 9)
[ðəʊ] 10)
[sɛd]
Assessment techniques
EVALUATION FORMAT FOR SPEAKING
Level : ________________
Group : _________________
Topic : _________________
1. Content = 3 max
2. Fluency = 2 max
3. Pronunication = 2 max
4. Vocabulary = 2 max
5. Grammar = 1 max
'Notes' is filled with C for competent (Total Score > 7), or NC for note competent
EVALUATION FORMAT FOR WRITING
Level : ________________
Group : _________________
Topic : _________________
1. Content = 3 max
2. Fluency = 2 max
3. Pronunication = 2 max
4. Vocabulary = 2 max
5. Grammar = 1 max
'Notes' is filled with C for competent (Total Score > 7), or NC for note competent
